86 Riley Reed Lane

****Backing Onto The Serene Greenbelt. This 1,920 Sqft. Townhome Features 4 Bedrooms And 3 Bathrooms. The Ground Floor Recreation Room Can Be Used As A 4th Bedroom Perfect For Extended Family, Guests, Or A Home Office. Featuring A Modern Kitchen With Stainless Steel Appliances, The Primary Bedroom Includes A 4 Piece Ensuite And His And Hers Closets. Open Concept Living And Dining Areas Are Filled With Natural Light And Showcase Peaceful Greenbelt Views. 10 Ft Ceilings And Smooth Ceilings On The Main Floor. Prime Location Just Minutes To Richmond Green Secondary School, Sports Facilities, Parks, Costco, Public Transit, Restaurants, Shopping Plazas, Highway 404, Home Depot, And More.

Welcome to the Jenner Model at Oakridge Meadows by Aspen Ridge Homes - a beautifully designed 1,661 sq. ft., 3-bedroom townhome offering a sophisticated blend of style, comfort and functionality in sought-after Richmond Hill. Featuring an open-concept main floor with smooth 9' ceilings on both main and 2nd levels. Upgraded 5' engineered wood flooring, and a stylish kitchen with quartz countertops, undermount sink, and breakfast bar overlooking the spacious Great Room. The primary ensuite features a gorgeous freestanding tub, heated floors, and an enlarged shower with clear glass enclosure. Laundry is conveniently located on the second-floor. Additional features include 7" baseboards, 200-amp electrical service, A/C, central vacuum, and appliances. The unfinished basement offers rare 9' poured concrete walls, radiant heated floors, a 3-piece bathroom rough-in, and cold cellar, providing excellent potential for future living space. This home combines premium finishes with a highly functional floor plan. Flexible 30-90 day closing available. Ideally situated in Oakridge Meadows, close to parks, schools, shopping, transit and the many amenities of Richmond Hill. Listing Price has been reduced to reflect he HST rebate under the Ontario Enhanced New housing Rebate.

Experience elevated living in this beautifully upgraded end-unit townhome, showcasing over $100,000 in thoughtful upgrades and modern finishes. Expansive west-facing views, oversized windows, and abundant natural light create an exceptional sense of space and openness. Designed with impressive 10-foot ceilings on the main level and 9-foot ceilings on the other levels, this home offers a sophisticated open-concept layout ideal for modern living and entertaining.The renovated kitchen features a striking waterfall island and stylish finishes, seamlessly connecting to the living and dining areas. A custom built-in media wall, upgraded pot lights, generous walk-in closets, and two smart toilets add both style and functionality. Additional features include a water softener and filtration system, owned water heater, smart thermostat, automatic garage door opener, and EV charger-ready setup(Charger excluded). Ideally located just minutes from Costco, Richmond Green Sports Centre & Park, Highway 404, GO Transit, Lake Wilcox Park, schools, shopping, and everyday amenities. An exceptional end-unit residence combining contemporary design, extensive upgrades, natural light, and everyday convenience in a desirable Richmond Hill community.

Welcome to 85 Casely Ave. This premium 2,092 square feet freehold townhome features 4 generous bedrooms (2 ensuites), large double garage with indoor access, chef-inspired open concept kitchen and dining room, large living room, 3 balconies, lots of storage spaces, undisturbed basement. 9-foot ceiling on 2nd and 3rd floors. Excellent functional layout offers great versatility and potential. Home has been meticulously maintained and cared for. Tucked quietly just behind Richmond Green Parks and Community Centre in the coveted Richmond Hill neighborhood. Enjoy instant, walkable access to premier sports fields, splash pads, and scenic trails. Unbeatable everyday convenience is at your doorstep, minutes away from Costco, top-rated schools, diverse dining, shopping plazas, and Highway 404 for seamless commuting. This home offers the ultimate blend of vibrant parklike living and urban convenience! Just move in and enjoy this wonderful home!

Welcome to this beautiful, sun-filled freehold townhome in the highly sought-after Richmond Green community! With no POTL or maintenance fees, this bright and spacious home offers a functional layout perfect for everyday family living. The main floor features a welcoming foyer with convenient garage access, laundry and storage. Upstairs, the open-concept living and dining area is filled with natural light from large windows and features a smooth walkout to a spacious private balcony, the perfect spot to enjoy your morning coffee, unwind at the end of the day or entertain family and friends. The modern kitchen flows seamlessly into the living space and features quality finishes and plenty of room for everyone to gather. The upper level offers three generously sized bedrooms, including a bright primary retreat with two closets, ensuite bathroom and a balcony. An extra-long garage provides plenty of space for a large vehicle, while the extended driveway allows for additional parking. Located in one of Richmond Hill's most desirable family-friendly neighbourhoods, just minutes from top-ranked Richmond Green Secondary School, Richmond Green Sports Centre & Park, Costco, Home Depot, restaurants, shopping, transit and Hwy 404. A beautiful move-in-ready home in an incredible location!

Modern 1-year-new townhouse in the newly built Ivylea community, featuring 4 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, a 2-car garage, and approximately 2,056 sq ft plus an unfinished basement. Bright and spacious, Large windows, and abundant natural light. 10-ft ceilings on the main floor and 9-ft ceilings on the upper levels. Open Concept Kitchen with Quartz Countertop and S/S Appl , Large Centre Island w/ Breakfast Bar. Primary Bdrm with Walk-In Closet & 4 Pcs Ensuite. Ground floor the 4th Bedroom w/ 3 Pcs Ensuite Bath and direct garage access is perfect for extended family or guests. Excellent location close to Hwy 404, Richmond Green Secondary School, GO Station, public transit, Costco, plazas, parks, and more.

Welcome to this beautifully maintained, premium 4-bedroom freehold townhouse in the highly sought-after North Richvale community! Offering a spacious and rare 1,613 sq. ft. layout, this larger unit features a primary bedroom complete with a desirable walk-in closet, upgraded windows for excellent energy efficiency, a seamless attached garage, and stunning hardwood and Laminated flooring throughout both the ground and first floors. Enjoy a lifestyle of ultimate convenience-ideally located near Yonge & Carrville, you are just steps away from Hillcrest Mall, top-rated schools, lush parks, and the local community centre. Commuting is a breeze with quick, easy access to both Hwy 407 and Hwy 404. Bonus for EV owners: a newly installed dedicated breaker for Tesla charging. Maintenance-free living at its absolute finest!

Welcome to 124 Springhead Gardens, a beautifully renovated freehold end-unit townhouse in Richmond Hill's desirable North Richvale neighbourhood. Featuring three upstairs bedrooms, an additional bedroom in the basement, and three bathrooms, this inviting home combines refined finishes with versatile living space. Thoughtfully renovated interiors showcase stylish flooring, pot lights throughout and large windows that fill the living area with natural light. The renovated kitchen features quartz countertops, stainless steel appliances and an oversized wooden peninsula with seating, creating an elegant gathering place for everyday meals and entertaining. A convenient main-floor powder room adds everyday comfort, while three welcoming bedrooms and a renovated upstairs bathroom complete the second floor. A one-bedroom basement apartment with a separate entrance offers additional flexibility for extended family or potential rental use. Within walking distance of Hillcrest Mall and close to highly rated schools, parks, a community centre, dining and transit, the location offers exceptional everyday convenience. Outdoors, the sun-filled, south-facing backyard features landscaped gardens, new interlock and a BBQ gas line-a welcoming retreat for gardening, relaxing and entertaining. A wonderful opportunity to enjoy renovated freehold living in an established Richmond Hill

160 Elgin Mills Road W Richmond Hill, ON L4C 5S4. Open House: Oct 24& Oct 25 2pm-4pm. Welcome To This Bright And Beautifully Maintained 3+1 Bedroom, 3-Bathroom End-Unit Townhouse In A Desirable Community! Proudly Owned And Meticulously Cared For By The Original Owner, This Spacious Home Features A Double-Car Garage, 9-Ft Ceilings On The Main, Second And Third Floors, Smooth Ceilings, Hardwood Flooring Throughout, Pot Lights And Fresh Paint. The End-Unit Design Offers Extra Windows And Abundant Natural Light, Complemented By A Third-Floor Skylight. The Well-Appointed Kitchen Features Granite Countertops, A Stylish Backsplash And Stainless Steel KitchenAid Appliances, Along With A Generous Breakfast Area Ideal For Family Dining. The Finished Basement Offers A Spacious Recreation Area With Potential For An Extra Bedroom Or Home Office. Additional Features Include A 200-Amp Electrical Panel And Fresh Air Ventilation System. Conveniently Located Near Yonge Street, Public Transit, Parks, Restaurants, Shopping Plazas And Top-Rated Schools, Including St. Theresa Of Lisieux Catholic High School (9.9/10) And Richmond Hill High School (9.7/10). An Excellent Opportunity To Enjoy Comfortable Family Living In A Prime Location!

Unprecedented value with a new price on remaining Builder inventory! Welcome to the Towns on Bayview, located in an exclusive enclave of Richmond Hill. This home is being built backing onto greenspace and features modern finishes & unique features such as a ground floor bedroom with full ensuite and walk out to yard, chef kitchen and spacious mud room with garage access. This new construction home built by esteemed Home Builder, Primont Homes includes a full Tarion Warranty for added comfort. Location, quality, and upscale living awaits, book your private tour today. Price includes expanded HST rebate.

FREEHOLD END-UNIT TOWNHOME | NO POTL | NO MAINTENANCE FEES Welcome To This Bright & Spacious Freehold End-Unit Townhouse In The Desirable Oak Ridges Community! Situated On An Extra-Wide 31.3-Ft Lot, With Potential / Future Walk-up from the Side Yard. This Well-Maintained Home Offers Exceptional Natural Light, Privacy & Outdoor Space, With The Feel Of A Semi-Detached Home. Boasting Around 2,100 Sq.Ft. Of Finished Living Space, This Proudly Owner-Occupied Home Has Been Thoughtfully Updated And Meticulously Maintained. The Main Level Features 9-Ft Ceilings, Hardwood Flooring & Pot Lights, Creating A Bright And Welcoming Atmosphere. A Dedicated Home Office Provides A Comfortable And Convenient Space For Working From Home. Numerous Recent Improvements Enhance The Comfort & Convenience Of This Move-In-Ready Home, Including New Interior Paint, A Brand-New Garage Door With Smart Opener, Newly Added Interior and Exterior Pot Lights, Finished Basement, Owned Rheem Water Heater & Electrolux Washer & Dryer (2025), Natural Stone Front Porch & Steps (2023), New Interlock Driveway (2022), All Gutters Replaced, Several Windows Replaced (2022), And New Caulking Around All Windows (2022/2023) & More. Enjoy The Benefits Of A Wide Lot, Finished Basement, Private Outdoor Space & An Impressive List Of Recent Updates, All In A Family-Friendly Oak Ridges Location. Move-In Ready & Waiting For Its Next Owner!

Welcome to this stunning custom-built freehold townhome in highly coveted Mill Pond, where cottage-inspired living meets modern luxury-with no common elements or maintenance fees. Surrounded by lush greenery, this exceptional home offers a total finished living space of 3185 sq. ft. with a functional layout across three beautifully designed levels, plus a basement. The sun-filled main floor features rich hardwood flooring, elegant custom décor, designer lighting, a statement fireplace, and a beautifully appointed family-size kitchen with oversized island, walk-in pantry, custom cabinetry, and abundant space for entertaining. The seamless open-concept design flows effortlessly into the living and dining areas. Timeless stone detailing creates impressive curb appeal, while the private 149-ft-deep backyard offers a serene outdoor retreat with an interlock patio and dedicated entertaining area. The entire third floor is dedicated to a luxurious primary retreat, featuring a spa-inspired 5-piece ensuite, two walk-in closets with custom built-ins, a private terrace overlooking the backyard, plus a versatile open-concept office or sitting area.The second floor offers two generous bedrooms, each with walk-in closets and custom built-ins, a beautifully appointed 4-piece bath, and convenient second-floor laundry. The finished basement features a spacious recreation area and stylish 2-piece bath-ideal for guests, movie nights, a home gym, or family entertaining.Steps to Mill Pond, scenic trails, parks, shops, restaurants, top-rated schools, highways, and transit. A rare opportunity to own asophisticated, turnkey home in one of Richmond Hill's most sought-after communities.

Welcome to this beautifully updated 4-bedroom, 4-bathroom home in the highly desirable Jefferson community of Richmond Hill. Offering a spacious, open-concept layout, this elegant residence features 9-foot ceilings, smooth ceilings, and gleaming hardwood flooring throughout the main level. The chef-inspired kitchen showcases granite countertops and a stylish backsplash, seamlessly complementing the inviting living spaces. A gas fireplace and pot lights create a warm, sophisticated atmosphere, while the oak staircase with iron pickets adds timeless elegance. The second-floor laundry provides everyday convenience, and the fully finished basement offers valuable additional living space for the whole family. Step outside to professionally landscaped front and back yards featuring interlocking stone, with a private backyard backing onto a golf course and no neighbours behind - an exceptional setting for outdoor relaxation and entertaining. Complete with an attached garage and driveway parking, this home is ideally located minutes from Yonge Street, public transit, parks, community centres, and highly regarded schools, including St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School and Richmond Hill High School. A wonderful opportunity to enjoy stylish, comfortable living in a sought-after family-friendly neighbourhood.

THIS REMARKABLE TOWNHOUSE SITUATED IN PRESTIGIOUS OAK RIDGES COMMUNITY. BUILT IN 2015, THIS TRADITIONAL TOWNHOUSE HAS 3 SPACIOUS BEDROOMS ON 2ND FLOOR PLUS AN EXTRA BEDROOM IN THE BASEMENT, PERFECT FOR IN-LAW SUITE OR FOR EXTRA INCOME. DARK STAINED REAL OAK HARDWOOD FLOORS ON MAIN AND 2ND FLOORS AND THE STAIRS. UPGRADED BASEBOARDS THROUGHOUT. GAS RANGE IN THE KITCHEN AND UPGRADED FRIDGE WITH WATER LINE. BREAKFAST BAR. GRANITE COUNTERTOPS IN THE KITCHEN AND ALL BATHROOMS. UPGRADED GLASS SHOWER STALL. POTLIGHTS THROUGHOUT. ENTRANCE FROM GARAGE. RARE EXTRA DOOR FROM GARAGE TO THE BACKYARD FOR CONVENIENCE. LOTS OF STORAGE SPACE AND BUILT-IN CABINETS THROUGHOUT THE HOUSE. CENTRAL VAC. BLINDS ON ALL WINDOWS. A GARDEN SHED IN THE BACKYARD. CLOSE TO SHOPPING PLAZAS, LAKES, GOLF COURSES. TRANSIT AT THE DOOR. PUBLIC AND CATHOLIC SHOOLS IN WALKING DISTANCE. YOUR CLIENT WON'T BE DISAPPOINTED!

Gorgeous Energy-Star Certified Townhouse and New painting. Open-concept gourmet eat-in kitchen, Stainless steel kitchen appliances And Breakfast Area w/O To Deck. Lower Floor Family Room w/O To Backyard, Direct access from house to garage. Additional Lower Floor Finished Basement. Primary bedroom w/4 pieces ensuite and walk-in closet. 9' Ceilings. Walking Distance To Yonge St, All Amenities & Transportation! Richmond Hill HS area! Must See!

STUNNING SOUTH-FACING END-UNIT TOWNHOME IN WESTBROOK - LIVES LIKE A SEMI! Enjoy an ideal north-south orientation, with a sun-filled south-facing living room and primary bedroom that maximize natural light throughout the day. Located in one of Richmond Hill's most sought-after school districts, this exceptional home is within walking distance to St. Theresa of Lisieux CHS, Richmond Hill High School, and approximately a 15-minute walk to highly regarded Trillium Woods Public School. Welcome to 33 Mazarine Lane, a premium end-unit home with a corner-like design and additional side windows that create a bright, warm, and inviting interior. Thoughtfully upgraded with pot lights, elegant quartz countertops, a custom backsplash, and high-end stainless steel appliances. The functional layout offers 3 spacious bedrooms and 3 bathrooms, making it an ideal choice for growing families. Enjoy a private, south-facing backyard with excellent exposure-perfect for relaxing or entertaining. Unbeatable convenience: approximately 3 minutes to Sobeys, TD, BMO, RBC, Feng Ze Yuan Plaza, Yanguan Supermarket, and No Frills; 5 minutes to additional Chinese supermarkets; 10 minutes to Costco and Highway 404; and 15 minutes to Highway 400.

Beautifully Upgraded Home Freehold End-Unit Townhome Nestled In The Highly Sought-After Westbrook Community Of Richmond Hill! Features 3 Spacious Bedrooms, 3 Bathrooms, A Double Car Garage, And Parking For Up To *4 Vehicles!* Spacious Sun-Lid Open-Concept Layout With 9 Ft Ceilings, Elegant Crown Moulding, Pot Lights, And Hardwood Flooring Throughout The Main And Upper Levels. Modern Kitchen Featuring Granite Countertops, A *Large Centre Island*, Custom Backsplash, Under-Cabinet Lighting, And Ample Cabinetry, Perfect For Everyday Living And Entertaining! Spacious Primary Bedroom Features Walk-In Closet And Private 4-Piece Ensuite. Spacious *Second-Floor Laundry Rm* Adds Everyday Comfort And Practicality. Finished Basement Features A Spacious Rec Room, Perfectly Designed As A Cozy Family Movie Theatre. Direct Garage Access with *EV Charging* . **Concrete Separating Wall Between The Units Enhance Sound Insulation** Ideally Located Near Parks, Scenic Walking Trails, Shopping, Restaurants, And Everyday Amenities. Situated Within The TOP SCHOOL Boundaries Of Richmond Hill High School And Trillium Woods P.S. **St. Theresa of Lisieux CHS Highschool Rank #1 in Ontario**

Welcome to this charming 3-bedroom, 3-bathroom freehold townhouse in a prime location! Freshly painted, recently updated and move-in ready, this home features a bright and spacious living area, an elegant dining space with hardwood flooring, and a renovated, stylish kitchen. The open-concept layout is perfect for entertaining family and friends. Enjoy hardwood floors from the main level through the upper floor, along with a newer furnace and A/C for added comfort and peace of mind. The spacious primary bedroom offers the rare luxury of his-and-hers walk-in closets and a 5-piece ensuite complete with a relaxing soaker tub and separate shower. The home boasts lovely landscaped front and back yards, plus a private setting ideal for outdoor enjoyment. A new garage door (2018) and convenient interior garage access to the backyard add extra functionality. The finished basement provides generous additional space for entertaining, a recreation area, home office potential, and ample storage. Conveniently located near GO Transit, York Transit, parks, schools, and a community centre, this home offers the perfect blend of comfort and convenience. A must-see!

Stunning And Beautifully Maintained End-Unit Freehold Townhome, Situated In One Of Richmond Hill's Most Desirable Communities! Featuring A Rare Double Car Garage, This Beautiful Residence Offers A Bright And Functional Layout With 9-Foot Ceilings On Both The Main And Second Floors, Large Windows, Abundant Natural Light, And Added Privacy Throughout. The Upgraded Kitchen Features A Centre Island With Eat-In Breakfast Bar, Elegant Backsplash, Premium FOTILE Range Hood, And Reverse Osmosis Water Filtration System, With A Walk-Out To The Balcony For Added Outdoor Living Space. The Upper Level Features Three Generously Sized Bedrooms, All Bright, Spacious, And Quiet, Providing Comfortable And Peaceful Private Living Spaces. The Finished Ground Floor Offers Flexible Living Space, Perfect For A Private Home Office Or Additional Bedroom. Additional Upgrades Include Sound-Insulated Windows For Improved Comfort And Noise Reduction, As Well As Pre-Installed EV Charging Wiring In The Garage For Added Convenience. Located In A Highly Sought-After School District, Close To St. Charles Garnier Catholic Elementary School, St. Theresa Of Lisieux Catholic High School, And Alexander Mackenzie High School With Its IB Program. Just 5 Minutes' Drive To Hwy 407 And 10 Minutes To Hwy 404 And Langstaff GO Station, Close To Hillcrest Mall, Parks, Restaurants, And Public Transit.

Welcome to this fully renovated townhouse in Rouge Woods community of Richmond Hill, offering modern design, functional space, and excellent school zoning. This beautifully updated home features 3 bedrooms, 3 bathrooms, a garage, and an additional driveway parking space. The entire home has been renovated from Top to bottom. The open-concept kitchen features brand-new appliances, including refrigerator, stove, and range hood, Additional upgrades include new hardwood flooring, new doors and trims, modern pot lights, and elegant decorative stair details, creating a stylish and refined atmosphere. The primary bedroom includes a beautifully renovated ensuite with modern gold-tone fixtures, adding a luxurious touch. The finished basement provides a versatile open-concept space, ideal for a home office, study area, entertainment lounge, 20X110 ft lot, larger than many newer townhomes. The backyard includes a private wooden deck, perfect for outdoor relaxation, gardening, Located within the Bayview Secondary School district and Silver Stream Public School zone, steps to shopping, restaurants, supermarkets, Costco, and major highways. A beautifully renovated move-in ready home in one of Richmond Hill's most desirable communities.

Walking Distance To Top Richmond Hill Hs, Luxury Freehold Townhouse On A Cul-De-Sac In The Heart Of Richmond Hill,9Ft Ceiling & Bright Open Concept,1784 Sq Ft Plus 461 sq Sq Ft Finished Basement, Rough In For Bathroom In Basement. ERV, Gas Fireplace, Quartz Countertop ,Crown Molding, Central, $$$ More Upgrade, Don't Miss It!

Welcome to this exceptional end-unit townhome nestled in the highly desirable Humberland community of Richmond Hill. Situated on a quiet, family-friendly court and surrounded by mature trees, this residence offers both privacy and a serene natural setting. Designed with growing families in mind, the home features a spacious, fully finished basement-ideal for a recreation area, home office, or guest suite. The expansive backyard provides ample space for outdoor entertaining, gardening, or children's play, making it a true extension of the living space. Set on one of the largest lots on the street, the property enjoys a premium position backing onto a picturesque ravine, offering beautiful views and a peaceful backdrop year-round. Conveniently located within close proximity to top-rated elementary and secondary schools, modern community centres, and the GO Train, this home ensures effortless connectivity. With quick access to major highways, commuting is both easy and efficient. Combining comfort, space, and an unbeatable location, this is a rare opportunity to own in one of Richmond Hill's most sought-after neighbourhoods.

A Rare Opportunity To Own A Distinguished Freehold End-Unit Townhome Offering An Exceptional Combination Of Space, Privacy And Refined Living In The Heart Of Oak Ridges. This Impressive 3-Bedroom, 3-Bathroom Residence Offers A Generous And Thoughtfully Designed Layout With The Comfort And Presence Buyers Often Seek In A Detached Home, Combined With The Convenience Of Townhome Living. Soaring Ceilings, Hardwood Flooring, Oak Stairs And An Elegant Open-Concept Layout Create A Bright And Sophisticated Interior. The Gourmet Kitchen Features Stainless Steel Appliances, Granite Countertops, A Breakfast Area And Direct Access To A Spacious Terrace, Perfect For Outdoor Dining And Entertaining. The Primary Retreat Offers A Walk-In Closet And Private Ensuite, While The Third Bedroom Features Its Own Balcony For An Added Touch Of Luxury. Beyond The Home, Oak Ridges Offers An Exceptional Lifestyle Surrounded By Nature, Recreation And Everyday Convenience. Enjoy Easy Access To Lake Wilcox, Parks, Trails, Community Facilities, Schools, Groceries, Restaurants, Cafés, Shops, Services And Public Transit. An Exceptional Opportunity For Buyers Seeking A Spacious End-Unit Freehold Home, Added Privacy And A Connected Community Lifestyle In One Of Richmond Hill's Most Desirable Neighbourhoods.

A beautifully maintained turnkey home nestled on a quiet cul-de-sac in Richmond Hill's highly desirable, top-tier school zone! Showcasing true pride of ownership, this property offers ultimate peace of mind with extensive upgrades. Recent major highlights include a newer roof, eavestroughs, upgraded insulation, front door, and updated perimeter fencing (all 2024), new basement vinyl flooring (2025), a refreshed driveway (2017), plus modern kitchen and laundry appliances.Enjoy a bright, functional layout featuring laminate flooring on the main and upper levels, complemented by a beautiful walkout to the backyard, creating a seamless connection between indoor and outdoor living. Whether you're enjoying your morning coffee, entertaining family and friends, or simply relaxing in your own private outdoor retreat, this inviting space is perfect for making lasting memories.Unbeatable premium location! Families will love the access to highly ranked, top-tier schools. You are just 3 minutes away from Hillcrest Mall, Richvale Community Centre & Pool, and Richvale Athletic Park, while being a quick 5-minute drive to the Richmond Hill Centre Transit Hub (GO/YRT/Viva).